These are the courses you can unlock to play in quick round mode.
Course - How to unlock
Bowser's Castle - Collect 35 Star Coins in Challenge Mode.
Cheep Cheep Lagoon - Collect 21 Star Coins in Challenge Mode.
DK Jungle - Collect 28 Star Coins in Challenge Mode.
Mountain Course - Get 1st place in the Seaside Course Championship in Castle Club.
Seaside Course - Get 1st place in the Forest Course Championship in Castle Club.
Sky Island Course - Complete the One-on One-Putt challenge in Castle Club.
Wiggler Park - Get 14 Star Coins in Challenge Mode.
Yoshi Lake - Get 7 Star Coins in Challenge Mode.